Res 0167-2022

Whereas, Originally enacted on June 15, 1982, The New York State Returnable Container Act, also known as The Bottle Bill, requiring refundable deposits to be placed on eligible beverage containers, has proven to be an exceptionally effective tool for reducing litter and increasing recycling rates in New York State; and Whereas, According to recycling industry estimates, over the course of its existence, The Bottle Bill has helped reduce New York State's roadside container litter by 70%, with 5.5 billion containers recycled statewide in 2020, a redemption rate of approximately 64%; and Whereas, The law requires retailers who sell covered beverages to accept returns of empty containers and refund the deposits, and requires beverage distributors to reimburse retailers for the cost of collecting and recycling empty containers via a small handling fee per container; and Whereas, The Bottle Bill originally only covered beer, malt beverages, carbonated soft drinks, mineral water, and wine coolers, when packaged in airtight metal, glass, paper, or plastic containers, under 1 gallon in volume, and sold in New York, but was amended to also include plastic water bottles in 2009; and Whereas, June 15, 2023 will mark the 41st anniversary of the enactment of this law, which has not been updated in over a decade, and would represent an opportunity to revisit and improve the legislation; and Whereas, According to a study published by the World Economic Forum, worldwide use of plastic has grown 20-fold over the past 50 years, and is expected to double again in the next two decades, to the point where it is estimated that the planet's oceans will contain more plastic by weight than fish by 2050; and Whereas, In 2022, a study analyzing blood samples from 22 anonymous donors found the presence of microplastics in 80% of the individuals tested, with half the samples containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic, commonly used in beverage containers; and Whereas, The health ramifications of microplastics being present in our bodies are still unclear, but recent studies have shown that microplastic particles can latch onto red blood cells, potentially limiting their ability to transport oxygen, can accumulate in the placentas of pregnant individuals, and can collect in the hearts, brains, and organs of rat fetuses; and Whereas, Considering the many negative environmental impacts and potentially negative health effects of widespread plastic pollution, The Bottle Bill should be updated to ensure the greatest possible diversion, and beneficial reuse rate, of these items from New York's waste stream; and Whereas, An expansion of The Bottle Bill would not only increase recycling rates and make New York's environment and communities cleaner, it would also assist municipal recycling programs to address the issue of broken glass containers in their recycling streams, which can contaminate other materials, rendering them unrecyclable for the municipality; and Whereas, Even when recyclable materials are not contaminated by broken glass, the costs of recycling containers not covered under The Bottle Bill are prohibitively high for many municipalities, with the costs associated with collecting and processing a ton of PET plastic bottles or glass bottles higher than the revenues received per ton for scrap material; and Whereas, The expansion of the Bottle Bill to include containers for wine, spirits, and hard cider would take a significant amount of the containers that municipalities are struggling with off their hands, and defray costs for municipal programs by creating a financial incentive for consumers to return these containers, as well as an obligation for retailers to accept these containers, relieving the burden on municipal recycling programs; and Whereas, An expansion of The Bottle Bill to broaden the scope of containers and increase the deposit amount could also result in increased economic opportunities for New Yorkers, as many low-income New Yorkers, often within immigrant, elderly, or homeless communities, rely upon the practice of "canning" to supplement income; and Whereas, States with higher deposit fees have been shown to have higher redemption rates, with Michigan's 10 cent deposit fee leading to a redemption rate of 89% in 2019 , and Vermont's 15 cent deposit fee on liquor bottles leading to a redemption rate of 83% for liquor containers in 2020; and Whereas, Since a portion of unclaimed deposits must be remitted to the state, increasing the deposit would generate more revenues to address issues pertaining to the lack of redemption options in low-income communities, and funds to address other litter and solid waste problems in such communities, and bring deposit fees more in line with inflation, which would make a 5 cent deposit in 1982 deposit worth nearly fifteen cents in 2022; and Whereas, New York State Senate Member Rachel May's Senate Bill S237, the "Bigger Better Bottle Bill," would expand New York's 40-year-old container deposit law to include non-carbonated beverages, wine and liquor and raise the deposit from 5 cents to 10 cents, further incentivizing the removal of recyclable plastic and glass bottles from New York's waste stream; now, therefore, be it Resolved, That the Council of the City of New York calls upon the New York State Legislature to pass, and the Governor to sign, S237, legislation to amend the environmental conservation law, in relation to returnable bottles. NRC LS#8329 2/22/23 1